9x19mm parabellum

The 9x19mm parabellum was designed my Georg Luger and introduced in 1902 by a German weapons manufacturer (DWM) for their Luger semi-automatic pistol. 
   For this reason it is designed as the 9mm luger. 
   How ever it is different form 9x18 Makarov and 9mm browning (.380 ACP). But 9x19mm Parabellum is now a standard for NATO forces but .45 ACP is also used in different guns.

According to a 2006 weapons survey it is found that 9mm parabellum is the world's most popular hand gun ammo, and is used by 60% of the worlds law & enforcement all around the world, because of its compact size small weight it is preferred by most of the civilians because its a good bullet for self defence, because of its low cost and high availability are the reasons for this bullets continued popularity.
 After the World War 1 this bullet was widely accepted by many countries in the world to be used my military and commercial use around the world. 

Performance: 
The 9mm parabellum was designed to be lethal at 50 m range how ever the bullet travels and is lethal at longer ranges. 
  This bullet combines a flat trajectory with low recoil allowing the shooter to have high accuracy with high rate of fire. 

 Improvements and variations:

1. 9x19 +p: an attempt to increase the bullets effectiveness the pressure of these bullets were widely increased such bullets are designated as +p rounds, added with the hollow point technology these bullets were less likely to fragment and more likely to expand this increase its terminal efficiency.
2. The 9mm NATO can be considered as an over pressure variant of normal 9mm parabellum rounds, normal 9mm para has max pressure of 252 MPa, but 9mm NATO can be proved to have 315 MPa.
   
3. 9mm SESAMS (Special Effects Small Arms Marking System) this bullet functions as a paint ball and can be used for training simulations, and can be used with a M9 Beretta.
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   Bullet Dimensions.